Step 4 - 二级页表 + 缺页 + FIFO

Assets/Scripts/Simulation/MemoryAccessResolver.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace VMdemo.Simulation
+{
+    public readonly struct MemoryAccessResult
+    {
+        public MemoryAccessResult(ulong pfn, bool pageTableHit, bool pageFault, EvictionInfo eviction)
+        {
+            Pfn = pfn;
+            PageTableHit = pageTableHit;
+            PageFault = pageFault;
+            Eviction = eviction;
+        }
+
+        public ulong Pfn { get; }
+        public bool PageTableHit { get; }
+        public bool PageFault { get; }
+        public EvictionInfo Eviction { get; }
+    }
+
+    public static class MemoryAccessResolver
+    {
+        public static MemoryAccessResult Resolve(
+            ulong vpn,
+            ulong l1Index,
+            ulong l2Index,
+            TwoLevelPageTable pageTable,
+            PhysicalMemoryManager physicalMemoryManager,
+            TlbCache tlbCache)
+        {
+            if (pageTable == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(pageTable));
+            }
+
+            if (physicalMemoryManager == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(physicalMemoryManager));
+            }
+
+            if (tlbCache == null)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(tlbCache));
+            }
+
+            if (pageTable.TryGetPresentPfn(l1Index, l2Index, out var pfn))
+            {
+                tlbCache.InsertOrUpdate(vpn, pfn);
+                return new MemoryAccessResult(pfn, true, false, EvictionInfo.None);
+            }
+
+            var allocation = physicalMemoryManager.AllocateForVpn(vpn);
+            if (allocation.Eviction.HasEvicted)
+            {
+                pageTable.GetIndicesFromVpn(
+                    allocation.Eviction.EvictedVpn,
+                    out var evictedL1Index,
+                    out var evictedL2Index);
+
+                pageTable.MarkNotPresent(evictedL1Index, evictedL2Index);
+                tlbCache.Remove(allocation.Eviction.EvictedVpn);
+            }
+
+            pageTable.SetPresent(l1Index, l2Index, allocation.AssignedPfn);
+            tlbCache.InsertOrUpdate(vpn, allocation.AssignedPfn);
+
+            return new MemoryAccessResult(
+                allocation.AssignedPfn,
+                pageTableHit: false,
+                pageFault: true,
+                allocation.Eviction);
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/Scripts/Simulation/MemoryAccessResolver.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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Assets/Scripts/Simulation/PageTableEntry.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+using System;
+
+namespace VMdemo.Simulation
+{
+    [Serializable]
+    public readonly struct PageTableEntry
+    {
+        public PageTableEntry(ulong pfn, bool present, bool dirty = false)
+        {
+            Pfn = pfn;
+            Present = present;
+            Dirty = dirty;
+        }
+
+        public ulong Pfn { get; }
+        public bool Present { get; }
+        public bool Dirty { get; }
+
+        public static PageTableEntry NotPresent => new PageTableEntry(0UL, false, false);
+
+        public PageTableEntry MarkPresent(ulong pfn, bool dirty = false)
+        {
+            return new PageTableEntry(pfn, true, dirty);
+        }
+
+        public PageTableEntry MarkNotPresent()
+        {
+            return new PageTableEntry(Pfn, false, Dirty);
+        }
+
+        public override string ToString()
+        {
+            return $"PFN={Pfn}, Present={Present}, Dirty={Dirty}";
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/Scripts/Simulation/PageTableEntry.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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Assets/Scripts/Simulation/PhysicalMemoryManager.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace VMdemo.Simulation
+{
+    public readonly struct EvictionInfo
+    {
+        public EvictionInfo(bool hasEvicted, ulong evictedVpn, ulong evictedPfn)
+        {
+            HasEvicted = hasEvicted;
+            EvictedVpn = evictedVpn;
+            EvictedPfn = evictedPfn;
+        }
+
+        public bool HasEvicted { get; }
+        public ulong EvictedVpn { get; }
+        public ulong EvictedPfn { get; }
+
+        public static EvictionInfo None => new EvictionInfo(false, 0UL, 0UL);
+    }
+
+    public readonly struct AllocationResult
+    {
+        public AllocationResult(ulong assignedPfn, bool wasAlreadyResident, EvictionInfo eviction)
+        {
+            AssignedPfn = assignedPfn;
+            WasAlreadyResident = wasAlreadyResident;
+            Eviction = eviction;
+        }
+
+        public ulong AssignedPfn { get; }
+        public bool WasAlreadyResident { get; }
+        public EvictionInfo Eviction { get; }
+    }
+
+    public class PhysicalMemoryManager
+    {
+        private readonly Queue<ResidentPage> _fifoQueue = new Queue<ResidentPage>();
+        private readonly Dictionary<ulong, ulong> _residentByVpn = new Dictionary<ulong, ulong>();
+        private ulong _nextFreeFrame;
+
+        public PhysicalMemoryManager(ulong frameCount)
+        {
+            if (frameCount < 1UL)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(frameCount), "frameCount 必须 >= 1。");
+            }
+
+            FrameCount = frameCount;
+            _nextFreeFrame = 0UL;
+        }
+
+        public ulong FrameCount { get; }
+        public int ResidentCount => _residentByVpn.Count;
+
+        public bool TryGetResidentPfn(ulong vpn, out ulong pfn)
+        {
+            return _residentByVpn.TryGetValue(vpn, out pfn);
+        }
+
+        public AllocationResult AllocateForVpn(ulong vpn)
+        {
+            if (_residentByVpn.TryGetValue(vpn, out var existingPfn))
+            {
+                return new AllocationResult(existingPfn, true, EvictionInfo.None);
+            }
+
+            EvictionInfo evictionInfo;
+            ulong assignedPfn;
+
+            if (_nextFreeFrame < FrameCount)
+            {
+                assignedPfn = _nextFreeFrame;
+                _nextFreeFrame++;
+                evictionInfo = EvictionInfo.None;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                if (_fifoQueue.Count == 0)
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("内存已满但 FIFO 队列为空，状态异常。");
+                }
+
+                var victim = _fifoQueue.Dequeue();
+                if (!_residentByVpn.Remove(victim.Vpn))
+                {
+                    throw new InvalidOperationException("FIFO 淘汰项未出现在驻留映射中，状态异常。");
+                }
+
+                assignedPfn = victim.Pfn;
+                evictionInfo = new EvictionInfo(true, victim.Vpn, victim.Pfn);
+            }
+
+            _residentByVpn[vpn] = assignedPfn;
+            _fifoQueue.Enqueue(new ResidentPage(vpn, assignedPfn));
+            return new AllocationResult(assignedPfn, false, evictionInfo);
+        }
+
+        public IReadOnlyList<ulong> GetFifoVpnOrder()
+        {
+            var order = new List<ulong>(_fifoQueue.Count);
+            foreach (var page in _fifoQueue)
+            {
+                order.Add(page.Vpn);
+            }
+
+            return order;
+        }
+
+        public string FormatFifoQueue()
+        {
+            var order = GetFifoVpnOrder();
+            if (order.Count == 0)
+            {
+                return "FIFO=[]";
+            }
+
+            return $"FIFO=[{string.Join(",", order)}]";
+        }
+
+        private readonly struct ResidentPage
+        {
+            public ResidentPage(ulong vpn, ulong pfn)
+            {
+                Vpn = vpn;
+                Pfn = pfn;
+            }
+
+            public ulong Vpn { get; }
+            public ulong Pfn { get; }
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/Scripts/Simulation/PhysicalMemoryManager.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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Assets/Scripts/Simulation/TwoLevelPageTable.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+using System;
+using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+namespace VMdemo.Simulation
+{
+    public class TwoLevelPageTable
+    {
+        private readonly Dictionary<ulong, Dictionary<ulong, PageTableEntry>> _table;
+        private readonly ulong _l1Mask;
+        private readonly ulong _l2Mask;
+        private readonly ulong _vpnMask;
+
+        public TwoLevelPageTable(int l1Bits, int l2Bits)
+        {
+            if (l1Bits < 0 || l1Bits > 64)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(l1Bits), "l1Bits 必须在 0 到 64 之间。");
+            }
+
+            if (l2Bits < 0 || l2Bits > 64)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(l2Bits), "l2Bits 必须在 0 到 64 之间。");
+            }
+
+            if (l1Bits + l2Bits <= 0 || l1Bits + l2Bits > 64)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(l2Bits), "l1Bits + l2Bits 必须在 1 到 64 之间。");
+            }
+
+            L1Bits = l1Bits;
+            L2Bits = l2Bits;
+            _table = new Dictionary<ulong, Dictionary<ulong, PageTableEntry>>();
+            _l1Mask = GetBitMask(l1Bits);
+            _l2Mask = GetBitMask(l2Bits);
+            _vpnMask = GetBitMask(l1Bits + l2Bits);
+        }
+
+        public int L1Bits { get; }
+        public int L2Bits { get; }
+
+        public bool TryGetPresentPfn(ulong l1Index, ulong l2Index, out ulong pfn)
+        {
+            ValidateIndices(l1Index, l2Index);
+
+            if (!_table.TryGetValue(l1Index, out var l2Table))
+            {
+                pfn = 0UL;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!l2Table.TryGetValue(l2Index, out var entry) || !entry.Present)
+            {
+                pfn = 0UL;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            pfn = entry.Pfn;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public bool TryGetEntry(ulong l1Index, ulong l2Index, out PageTableEntry entry)
+        {
+            ValidateIndices(l1Index, l2Index);
+
+            if (_table.TryGetValue(l1Index, out var l2Table) &&
+                l2Table.TryGetValue(l2Index, out var value))
+            {
+                entry = value;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            entry = PageTableEntry.NotPresent;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        public void SetPresent(ulong l1Index, ulong l2Index, ulong pfn, bool dirty = false)
+        {
+            ValidateIndices(l1Index, l2Index);
+
+            if (!_table.TryGetValue(l1Index, out var l2Table))
+            {
+                l2Table = new Dictionary<ulong, PageTableEntry>();
+                _table[l1Index] = l2Table;
+            }
+
+            l2Table[l2Index] = new PageTableEntry(pfn, true, dirty);
+        }
+
+        public bool MarkNotPresent(ulong l1Index, ulong l2Index)
+        {
+            ValidateIndices(l1Index, l2Index);
+
+            if (!_table.TryGetValue(l1Index, out var l2Table) ||
+                !l2Table.TryGetValue(l2Index, out var entry))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            if (!entry.Present)
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            l2Table[l2Index] = entry.MarkNotPresent();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        public void GetIndicesFromVpn(ulong vpn, out ulong l1Index, out ulong l2Index)
+        {
+            if (L1Bits + L2Bits < 64 && (vpn & ~_vpnMask) != 0UL)
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(vpn), "vpn 超出页表可表示范围。");
+            }
+
+            l2Index = vpn & _l2Mask;
+            l1Index = L2Bits >= 64 ? 0UL : vpn >> L2Bits;
+            ValidateIndices(l1Index, l2Index);
+        }
+
+        private void ValidateIndices(ulong l1Index, ulong l2Index)
+        {
+            if (!IsWithinBits(l1Index, L1Bits, _l1Mask))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(l1Index), "l1Index 超出 L1 位宽范围。");
+            }
+
+            if (!IsWithinBits(l2Index, L2Bits, _l2Mask))
+            {
+                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(l2Index), "l2Index 超出 L2 位宽范围。");
+            }
+        }
+
+        private static bool IsWithinBits(ulong value, int bits, ulong mask)
+        {
+            if (bits == 64)
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (bits == 0)
+            {
+                return value == 0UL;
+            }
+
+            return (value & ~mask) == 0UL;
+        }
+
+        private static ulong GetBitMask(int bits)
+        {
+            if (bits <= 0)
+            {
+                return 0UL;
+            }
+
+            if (bits >= 64)
+            {
+                return ulong.MaxValue;
+            }
+
+            return (1UL << bits) - 1UL;
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/Scripts/Simulation/TwoLevelPageTable.cs.meta

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
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Assets/Tests/EditMode/Step4PageTableAndFifoTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+using System;
+using NUnit.Framework;
+using VMdemo.Simulation;
+
+namespace VMdemo.Tests.EditMode
+{
+    public class Step4PageTableAndFifoTests
+    {
+        [Test]
+        public void TwoLevelPageTable_SetPresent_ThenTryGetPresentPfn_Hits()
+        {
+            var pageTable = new TwoLevelPageTable(3, 2);
+            pageTable.SetPresent(5UL, 3UL, 9UL, dirty: true);
+
+            var hit = pageTable.TryGetPresentPfn(5UL, 3UL, out var pfn);
+            var exists = pageTable.TryGetEntry(5UL, 3UL, out var entry);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(hit);
+            Assert.That(pfn, Is.EqualTo(9UL));
+            Assert.IsTrue(exists);
+            Assert.That(entry.Present, Is.True);
+            Assert.That(entry.Dirty, Is.True);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void TwoLevelPageTable_MarkNotPresent_ThenMisses()
+        {
+            var pageTable = new TwoLevelPageTable(3, 2);
+            pageTable.SetPresent(1UL, 2UL, 7UL);
+
+            var changed = pageTable.MarkNotPresent(1UL, 2UL);
+            var changedAgain = pageTable.MarkNotPresent(1UL, 2UL);
+            var hitAfterMark = pageTable.TryGetPresentPfn(1UL, 2UL, out _);
+            var exists = pageTable.TryGetEntry(1UL, 2UL, out var entry);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(changed);
+            Assert.IsFalse(changedAgain);
+            Assert.IsFalse(hitAfterMark);
+            Assert.IsTrue(exists);
+            Assert.IsFalse(entry.Present);
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void PhysicalMemoryManager_AllocateForVpn_EvictsInFifoOrder()
+        {
+            var manager = new PhysicalMemoryManager(2UL);
+
+            var r1 = manager.AllocateForVpn(1UL);
+            var r2 = manager.AllocateForVpn(2UL);
+            var r3 = manager.AllocateForVpn(3UL); // evict 1
+            var r4 = manager.AllocateForVpn(4UL); // evict 2
+
+            Assert.That(r1.AssignedPfn, Is.EqualTo(0UL));
+            Assert.That(r2.AssignedPfn, Is.EqualTo(1UL));
+            Assert.That(r3.AssignedPfn, Is.EqualTo(0UL));
+            Assert.That(r4.AssignedPfn, Is.EqualTo(1UL));
+
+            Assert.IsFalse(r1.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.IsFalse(r2.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.IsTrue(r3.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.That(r3.Eviction.EvictedVpn, Is.EqualTo(1UL));
+            Assert.That(r3.Eviction.EvictedPfn, Is.EqualTo(0UL));
+            Assert.IsTrue(r4.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.That(r4.Eviction.EvictedVpn, Is.EqualTo(2UL));
+            Assert.That(r4.Eviction.EvictedPfn, Is.EqualTo(1UL));
+
+            var fifoOrder = manager.GetFifoVpnOrder();
+            Assert.That(fifoOrder.Count, Is.EqualTo(2));
+            Assert.That(fifoOrder[0], Is.EqualTo(3UL));
+            Assert.That(fifoOrder[1], Is.EqualTo(4UL));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void Resolve_WhenEvictionHappens_SyncsPageTableAndTlb()
+        {
+            var pageTable = new TwoLevelPageTable(4, 4);
+            var memory = new PhysicalMemoryManager(1UL);
+            var tlb = new TlbCache(4);
+
+            const ulong vpn1 = 1UL;
+            pageTable.GetIndicesFromVpn(vpn1, out var l1_1, out var l2_1);
+            var first = MemoryAccessResolver.Resolve(vpn1, l1_1, l2_1, pageTable, memory, tlb);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(first.PageFault);
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.PageTableHit);
+            Assert.IsFalse(first.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.IsTrue(tlb.Lookup(vpn1, out _));
+
+            var second = MemoryAccessResolver.Resolve(vpn1, l1_1, l2_1, pageTable, memory, tlb);
+            Assert.IsFalse(second.PageFault);
+            Assert.IsTrue(second.PageTableHit);
+
+            const ulong vpn2 = 2UL;
+            pageTable.GetIndicesFromVpn(vpn2, out var l1_2, out var l2_2);
+            var third = MemoryAccessResolver.Resolve(vpn2, l1_2, l2_2, pageTable, memory, tlb);
+
+            Assert.IsTrue(third.PageFault);
+            Assert.IsTrue(third.Eviction.HasEvicted);
+            Assert.That(third.Eviction.EvictedVpn, Is.EqualTo(vpn1));
+            Assert.IsFalse(tlb.Lookup(vpn1, out _));
+            Assert.IsTrue(tlb.Lookup(vpn2, out _));
+
+            pageTable.GetIndicesFromVpn(vpn1, out var evictedL1, out var evictedL2);
+            Assert.IsFalse(pageTable.TryGetPresentPfn(evictedL1, evictedL2, out _));
+            Assert.IsFalse(memory.TryGetResidentPfn(vpn1, out _));
+            Assert.IsTrue(memory.TryGetResidentPfn(vpn2, out _));
+        }
+
+        [Test]
+        public void HighVolumeAccess_N10000_RunsWithoutStateCorruption()
+        {
+            var pageTable = new TwoLevelPageTable(8, 8);
+            var memory = new PhysicalMemoryManager(16UL);
+            var tlb = new TlbCache(8);
+            var random = new Random(123);
+
+            for (var i = 0; i < 10000; i++)
+            {
+                var vpn = (ulong)random.Next(0, 512);
+                pageTable.GetIndicesFromVpn(vpn, out var l1, out var l2);
+
+                var result = MemoryAccessResolver.Resolve(vpn, l1, l2, pageTable, memory, tlb);
+                var fifoOrder = memory.GetFifoVpnOrder();
+
+                Assert.That(memory.ResidentCount, Is.LessThanOrEqualTo(16));
+                Assert.That(fifoOrder.Count, Is.EqualTo(memory.ResidentCount));
+                if (result.PageTableHit)
+                {
+                    Assert.IsFalse(result.PageFault);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

Assets/Tests/EditMode/Step4PageTableAndFifoTests.cs.meta

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doc/MVP-TODO.md

@@ -102,22 +102,22 @@
 
 ### TODO
 
-- [ ] 新建 `TwoLevelPageTable.cs`：`Dictionary<L1, Dictionary<L2, PTE>>`
+- [x] 新建 `TwoLevelPageTable.cs`：`Dictionary<L1, Dictionary<L2, PTE>>`
-- [ ] 新建 `PageTableEntry.cs`：`PFN / present / dirty(可选)`
+- [x] 新建 `PageTableEntry.cs`：`PFN / present / dirty(可选)`
-- [ ] 新建 `PhysicalMemoryManager.cs`：空闲帧管理 + FIFO 队列
+- [x] 新建 `PhysicalMemoryManager.cs`：空闲帧管理 + FIFO 队列
-- [ ] 缺页时分配空闲帧；无空闲帧时 FIFO 淘汰
+- [x] 缺页时分配空闲帧；无空闲帧时 FIFO 淘汰
-- [ ] 淘汰后同步页表项状态（`present = false`）
+- [x] 淘汰后同步页表项状态（`present = false`）
 
 ### 行为要求
 
-- [ ] 页表命中：TLB 未命中后，页表中有 `present = true` 映射
+- [x] 页表命中：TLB 未命中后，页表中有 `present = true` 映射
-- [ ] 缺页：页表不存在或 `present = false`
+- [x] 缺页：页表不存在或 `present = false`
-- [ ] 装入页面后写回页表并更新 TLB
+- [x] 装入页面后写回页表并更新 TLB
 
 ### 完成标准
 
-- [ ] 能稳定运行大量访问（例如 `N=10000`）无崩溃
+- [x] 能稳定运行大量访问（例如 `N=10000`）无崩溃
-- [ ] FIFO 次序可从日志中验证
+- [x] FIFO 次序可从日志中验证
 
 ## 6. Step 5 - 翻译引擎（单步状态机）